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Kevin O'Higgins
Kevin Christopher O'Higgins ((アイルランド語:Caoimhghín Críostóir Ó hUigín); 7 June 1892 – 10 July 1927) was an Irish politician who served as Vice-President of the Executive Council and Minister for Justice.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Mr. Kevin O'Higgins )〕 He was part of early nationalist Sinn Féin, before going on to become a prominent member of Cumann na nGaedheal. O'Higgins established the Garda Síochána police force. His brother Thomas and nephews Tom and Michael were also elected TDs.
Along with Arthur Griffith, Michael Collins and Eoin O'Duffy, O'Higgins is an important figure in Irish nationalist historiography, representing a more "conservative revolutionary" position when contrasted with republicanism. After having a role in the Irish War of Independence, he went on to defend the nascent Irish Free State, as part of the pro-Treaty side in the Irish Civil War. During this time he signed the execution orders of seventy-seven political prisoners. He was later assassinated in retaliation by an IRA unit in Booterstown, County Dublin.
==Background==
Kevin O'Higgins was born in Stradbally, County Laois, one of sixteen children of Dr. Thomas Higgins and Anne Sullivan, daughter of the Nationalist politician Timothy Daniel Sullivan.〔De Vere White, Terence '' Kevin O'Higgins'' Methuen and Co. London, 1948.〕 His aunt was married to the Nationalist MP Tim Healy. He was educated at the Jesuit-run Clongowes Wood College, where he was expelled. O'Higgins was then moved to Knockbeg College, St. Marys Christian Brother School, Portlaoise. With a view to becoming a priest he went to St Patrick's College, Maynooth. Here he broke the non-smoking rules and was removed to Carlow Seminary.〔David Harkness, 'O'Higgins, Kevin Christopher (1892–1927)', Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, January 2011.〕 He attended University College Dublin.
O'Higgins joined the Irish Volunteers in 1915. He was efficient, had a forceful personality and was soon appointed captain of Stradbally company, Carlow brigade.〔 He joined Sinn Féin, but was soon arrested and imprisoned in 1918. While he was in prison he became MP for Queen's County (Laois).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Kevin O'Higgins )〕
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